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docker - 安装使用及问题

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docker
docker
作者 晓宇
6 分钟阅读
docker - 安装使用及问题

docker的安装

参考地址： https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

正常安装（能访问docker官网的情况）

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wangfuyu]# yum install -y yum-utils  
wangfuyu]# yum-config-manager --add-repo   https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo   
wangfuyu]# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io  
wangfuyu]# systemctl start docker  
wangfuyu]# docker info  
wangfuyu]# docker version  
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version:           20.10.8
API version:       1.41
Go version:        go1.16.6
Git commit:        3967b7d
Built:             Fri Jul 30 19:55:49 2021
OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
Context:           default
Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version:          20.10.8
API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version:       go1.16.6
Git commit:       75249d8
Built:            Fri Jul 30 19:54:13 2021
OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
Experimental:     false
containerd:
Version:          1.4.9
GitCommit:        e25210fe30a0a703442421b0f60afac609f950a3
runc:
Version:          1.0.1
GitCommit:        v1.0.1-0-g4144b63
docker-init:
Version:          0.19.0
GitCommit:        de40ad0

国内源安装

修改源(CentOS-7)

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vim CentOS-Base.repo 
# 复制粘贴如下代码并保存：
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
 
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
 
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch
#mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7

然后更新缓存

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yum makecache && yum -y update

等待更新完毕后即可使用。

还可以试试以下方式

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wangfuyu]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo


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[wangfuyu@wfy ~]$ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{   
    "data-root":"/data/docker",
    "registry-mirrors": [
                "https://71t1c6hh.mirror.aliyuncs.com"
                        ] 
}

daemon.json 是我的阿里云镜像加速

使用时的一些问题

  • 问题1：宿主机访问容器的映射端口不通

    Connection reset by peer

    ~]# curl 127.0.0.1:8088 curl: (56) Recv failure: Connection reset by peer 常出现在宿主机访问容器映射到本地端口不通情况。

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    ## 重新更换网桥docker0
## 停止docker
systemctl stop docker
  
## 停止docker0
ip link set dev docker0 down
  
## 删除docker0网桥
brctl delbr docker0
  
## 重新增加docker0 网桥
brctl addbr docker0
  
## 增加网卡
ip addr add 172.16.10.1/24 dev docker0
  
## 启用网卡
ip link set dev docker0 up
  
## 启动docker
systemctl restart docker
  
## 其他流程正常尝试，发现可以用了。

  • 问题2：发现自己指定创建的网络network，不能访问

    No route to host

    ~]# docker container ls

    CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS 890581e2b3f8 daocloud.io/library/nginx:1.7.6 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8088->80/tcp shop_nginx_8088 ~]# curl 127.0.0.1:8088 curl: (7) Failed connect to 127.0.0.1:8088; No route to host

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    ## 自定义网络
docker network create --driver=bridge --subnet=172.18.1.0/24 shop_net

    以上可能是由于地址冲突导致，比如我本地使用网段跟默认docker的bridge同一个了。

  • 问题3： 容器中nginx报错

    upstream sent too big header while reading response header from upstream

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    ## 需要修改nginx层的配置
  
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.360club.net;
location / {
proxy_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_buffers 32 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  
            proxy_set_header Host $server_name;  
            proxy_set_header HTTP_USERIP $remote_addr;  
            proxy_set_header Connection "keep-alive";  
            proxy_cookie_domain 127.0.0.1 $server_name;  
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8083$request_uri;  
    }  
}

  • 问题4：docker进行build的时候yum失败

    yum update ….cannot connect xxx.com

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    ~]# docker build -t lnp:5.3 . 
  
yum update ....cannot connect xxx.com
  
 如果宿主能上网，build时候上不了网，可以重新创建docker0网络 （我是在虚拟机里面安装了个docker，虚拟机用nat可以上网，docker就不行了，估计是笔记本来回切换网络的问题）

  • 问题5： 数据卷占满了磁盘空间处理

    尤其是开发服务器或者个人pc，镜像过多，容器过多都会占用磁盘空间。

    首先在另一张大容量磁盘上创建存放位置，比如：/mnt/hgfs/www/devicemapper 或者直接停止容器后，拷贝到这里都可以。
    然后修改配置文件 /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/docker.conf 没有该文件则创建即可 .

    [Service] ExecStart= ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd –graph=”/mnt/hgfs/www/devicemapper” –storage-driver=devicemapper 保存后，启动 [root@localhost k8s]# systemctl start docker

    Warning: docker.service changed on disk. Run ‘systemctl daemon-reload’ to reload units.

    [root@localhost k8s]# systemctl daemon-reload

    [root@localhost k8s]# systemctl start docker

    ！！！结果使用 docker info发现还是没有到新目录。
    删除那个配置文件，换另一方式：直接move数据做软连接吧。

    mv /var/lib/docker /mnt/hgfs/www/var_docker ln -s /mnt/hgfs/www/var_docker/ /var/lib/docker mv /mnt/hgfs/www/devicemapper /mnt/hgfs/www/var_docker/

    如果不管用的话，重启一下机器就好了，

    还可以直接安装docker之前就提前做好目录映射：

    [wangfuyu@wfy ~]$ ll /var/lib/docker lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Jul 24 13:22 /var/lib/docker -> /data/docker/

k8s, docker
docker
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